How do Muslims reconcile the scientific evidence for the Big Bang and evolution with the Qur'anic account of creation?
Muslims reconcile the scientific evidence for the Big Bang and evolution with the Qur'anic account of creation by interpreting the Qur'anic verses in a way that is compatible with modern scientific discoveries. Some of the points that Muslims make are:
The Qur'an does not contradict the Big Bang theory, but rather supports it by stating that the heavens and the earth were joined together as one unit before Allah split them apart -
أَوَلَمْ يَرَ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوٓا۟ أَنَّ ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ وَٱلْأَرْضَ كَانَتَا رَتْقًا فَفَتَقْنَٰهُمَا ۖ وَجَعَلْنَا مِنَ ٱلْمَآءِ كُلَّ شَىْءٍ حَىٍّ ۖ أَفَلَا يُؤْمِنُونَ
Have those who disbelieved not considered that the heavens and the earth were a joined entity, and We separated them and made from water every living thing? Then will they not believe?
(Qur'an 21:30).
This could be interpreted as referring to the initial singularity that exploded and expanded into the current universe. Moreover, this verse states that Allah created every living thing from water, which could indicate that life originated from water or that water is essential for life. These ideas are supported by scientific evidence and discoveries.
The Qur’anic verse is not referring to the Big Bang theory in a literal or scientific sense, but rather in a metaphorical or allegorical sense. The Qur’an is a book of guidance and wisdom. It uses symbolic language and imagery to convey spiritual truths and moral lessons. The Big Bang theory is one of the best scientific explanations for the origin of the universe, but it is not the only one, nor is it definitive or final. The Qur’an does not endorse or reject any specific scientific theory, but rather affirms the general principle that Allah is the Creator of everything.