Jamaat-e-Islami

Jamaat-e-Islami is an Islamic movement that was founded in 1941 in British India by Sayyid Abul A'la Maududi, a prominent Islamic scholar and activist. Jamaat-e-Islami advocated for the establishment of an Islamic state based on the Quran and the Sunnah. Jamaat-e-Islami also opposed secularism, communism, liberalism and nationalism, and supported jihad against foreign occupation and oppression. Jamaat-e-Islami had ties with other Muslim groups internationally, such as the Muslim Brotherhood. 

The group split into separate independent organisations in India, Pakistan and Bangladesh following the Partition of India in 1947. Other groups related to or inspired by Jamaat-e-Islami developed in Kashmir, Britain, and Afghanistan. The Jamaat-e-Islami parties maintain ties internationally with other Muslim groups. 

The Jamaat-e-Islami parties have some similarities and differences in their ideologies, goals and methods. All of them follow a Sunni Islamist ideology that is based on the Quran and the Sunnah. All of them seek to establish an Islamic state that is governed by sharia. All of them oppose secularism, communism, liberalism and nationalism, and support jihad against foreign occupation and oppression.

However, there are also some differences between them. Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan is the original and largest branch of the movement. It has participated in electoral politics, social welfare, education and media, and also supported various militant groups in Kashmir, Afghanistan and elsewhere. It has been a major force in the religious right-wing of Pakistan and has influenced the country's constitution, laws, foreign policy and culture. 

Jamaat-e-Islami Bangladesh is the second largest branch of the movement. It has also participated in electoral politics, social welfare, education and media, but has faced legal challenges and bans for its role in opposing Bangladesh's independence from Pakistan in 1971 and collaborating with the Pakistani army in committing atrocities against civilians. It has been accused of war crimes, crimes against humanity and genocide by the Bangladeshi government and courts. It has also faced violent protests from secular groups and civil society organizations. 

Jamaat-e-Islami Hind is the third largest branch of the movement. It has focused more on social welfare, education and media than electoral politics. It has also adopted a more moderate and tolerant approach to Islam than its Pakistani and Bangladeshi counterparts. It has condemned terrorism, violence and extremism in the name of Islam and has promoted interfaith dialogue, peace and harmony among different religious communities in India. It has also advocated for the rights and interests of Indian Muslims as a minority group. 

Jamiat-e Islami Afghanistan is not directly related to Jamaat-e-Islami but was inspired by it. It was founded in 1972 by Burhanuddin Rabbani, a professor of Islamic theology at Kabul University. It was one of the most powerful mujahideen groups that fought against the Soviet invasion and the communist government in the 1980s. It was led by Ahmad Shah Massoud, who was widely respected as a national hero and a charismatic leader. Jamiat-e Islami also formed part of the Northern Alliance that opposed the Taliban regime in the 1990s. Jamiat-e Islami followed a moderate and democratic interpretation of Islam and sought a pluralistic and inclusive system in Afghanistan. It received support from Iran, India, Russia and the US.