Does a muslim essentially hate or ignore or undermine a non-muslim?
The Quran teaches that there are different types of relationships a Muslim can have with non-Muslims.
1. Muwalat: This is a deep emotional bond, the kind of close friendship that involves a strong emotional commitment. The Quran advises that this kind of relationship should be restricted to fellow Muslims. This does not mean that a Muslim should hate non-Muslims, but it suggests that the most profound level of emotional commitment and friendship should be with those who share the same faith.
2. Muwasat: This kind of relationship is based on sympathy, kindness, and concern. It includes charitable help and support, condolence, and consolation. This type of relationship is permissible with all non-Muslims, except those who are at war with Muslims.
3. Mudarat: This refers to relations based on customary cordiality, adequate courtesy, pleasant and friendly behavior, and mannerly politeness. This too is permissible with all non-Muslims. Moreover, the Quran advises Muslims to deal justly with non-Muslims:
لَا يَنۡهٰٮكُمُ اللّٰهُ عَنِ الَّذِيۡنَ لَمۡ يُقَاتِلُوۡكُمۡ فِى الدِّيۡنِ وَلَمۡ يُخۡرِجُوۡكُمۡ مِّنۡ دِيَارِكُمۡ اَنۡ تَبَرُّوۡهُمۡ وَ تُقۡسِطُوۡۤا اِلَيۡهِمۡؕ اِنَّ اللّٰهَ يُحِبُّ الۡمُقۡسِطِيۡنَ ٨
"Allah does not forbid you from those who do not fight you because of religion and do not expel you from your homes - from being righteous toward them and acting justly toward them. Indeed, Allah loves those who act justly." Quran 60:8
4. Mu`amalat: This refers to dealings in business or employment or wages or industry or technology. These too are permissible with non-Muslims, except when such dealings harm the general body of Muslims.
Muslims are instructed not to transgress against non-Muslims, especially those who have treaties and guarantees of security with the Muslim community. An example of this is the quote from the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him), "Whoever kills a mu‘ahid will not smell the fragrance of Paradise." This demonstrates that Islam promotes respect and peace towards non-Muslims. In addition, Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) said: "Whoever hurts a Non-Muslim citizen of a Muslim state hurts me, and he who hurts me annoys Allah." (Narrated by Al-Bukhari). This Hadith clearly shows that Islam strictly forbids causing harm to non-Muslims and considers it as hurting the Prophet himself.
Islam encourages Muslims to invite non-Muslims to Islam through peaceful dialogue and good character. This is called Da'wah, or invitation to Islam, and it is considered a duty of a Muslim towards a non-Muslim. Islam emphasizes the importance of maintaining good neighborly relations, regardless of the neighbor's faith. Muslims are not permitted to speak ill or backbite non-Muslims. Even in situations where a non-Muslim might offend a Muslim, Islam encourages its followers to be forgiving and avoid holding grudges. A Muslim is permitted to give gifts to non-Muslims and to accept gifts from them. The Prophet (peace be upon him) accepted gifts from non-Muslims.
The Holy Quran states in Surah Al-Hujurat, verse 13:
يٰۤاَيُّهَا النَّاسُ اِنَّا خَلَقۡنٰكُمۡ مِّنۡ ذَكَرٍ وَّاُنۡثٰى وَجَعَلۡنٰكُمۡ شُعُوۡبًا وَّقَبَآٮِٕلَ لِتَعَارَفُوۡا ؕ اِنَّ اَكۡرَمَكُمۡ عِنۡدَ اللّٰهِ اَ تۡقٰٮكُمۡ ؕ اِنَّ اللّٰهَ عَلِيۡمٌ خَبِيۡرٌ ١٣
"O mankind, indeed We have created you from male and female and made you peoples and tribes that you may know one another. Indeed, the most noble of you in the sight of Allah is the most righteous of you. Indeed, Allah is Knowing and Acquainted."
This verse implies that the diversity of human beings, their tribes, and nations is for the purpose of getting to know each other and not for despising or undermining each other. In the sight of Allah, the most noble person is the one who is most righteous, regardless of his/her faith or nationality.
It is important to note that while Muslims are encouraged to show kindness and respect to non-Muslims, they are also instructed to maintain their own religious identity and beliefs. This includes not taking non-Muslims as intimate friends or marrying non-Muslim men